Demographics datasets

Historical state population counts from the US Decennial Census, 1790-2020. Combines modern digital records (1910-2020 CSV) with historical census PDFs (1790-1900) extracted via vision LLM. Includes population density, congressional apportionment, and percent change for all states and territories.

Median household income by state from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates, 2010-2024. Covers all 50 states, DC, and Puerto Rico. Income values are in current (nominal) dollars for each year.

Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Official population counts from the 2020 Decennial Census (Public Law 94-171 redistricting data).

American Time Use Survey (ATUS) measures the amount of time people spend doing various activities such as paid work, childcare, volunteering, and socializing. The only federal survey providing comprehensive data on the full range of nonmarket activities, from household work to leisure. Published annually since 2003.

Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Includes civilian labor force, employment, unemployment, unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, and employment-population ratio. National data by demographics, industry, occupation, and other characteristics.

Annual point-in-time counts of homeless persons by state from HUD's Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR). Covers 2007-2025 with breakdowns by shelter type (emergency shelter, transitional housing, unsheltered), population type (individuals, families, family households), chronically homeless individuals, and homeless veterans. Based on a single-night count conducted in January each year by Continuums of Care (CoCs) nationwide. Source is a multi-sheet XLSB file where each year is a separate sheet with varying column counts (28 in 2007 to 1017 in 2025). Only the core summary columns consistent across all years are extracted via select_columns.

Weekly and Hourly Earnings from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Provides median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and other characteristics. Published quarterly, this data is central to understanding wage trends and inequality.

State-level demographic and economic data from the ACS 5-Year estimates, including population and median household income.

Gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP per capita measures a country's economic output per person in current US dollars.

County-level poverty and income estimates from the Census Bureau's SAIPE program, 1989-2024. Includes poverty counts and rates for all ages, children (0-17, 5-17, 0-4), and median household income for every US county, state, and national total. Annual estimates use a model-based approach combining ACS data, tax returns, and food stamp records. Published years: 1989, 1993, 1995-2024 (no data for 1990-1992 or 1994).

Net migration (immigrants minus emigrants) by country from World Bank Development Indicators. Five-year estimates covering 266 countries and regions from 1962 to present. Useful for analyzing whether immigration offsets fertility decline in aging populations.

County-level domestic migration inflows from IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), based on year-over-year address changes on individual tax returns. Shows where new county residents came from, including number of tax returns (proxy for households), exemptions (proxy for individuals), and adjusted gross income (AGI in thousands of dollars). Filing years 2011-2023, covering 12 years of migration patterns. Includes summary rows for total migration, same-state, different-state, foreign, and non-migrant counts alongside actual county-to-county flows.

The primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources. It presents the most current and accurate global development data available.

Annual population estimates for the City of Austin, Texas from the Census Bureau's subcounty population estimates program, 2010-2024. Combines two decades of data (2010-2019 and 2020-2024) filtered to Austin city (PLACE 05000, STATE 48). Approximately 15 rows enabling per-capita calculations for Austin-specific datasets.

Race and ethnicity demographics for all US Census-designated places (~32K cities, towns, and CDPs) from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2022). Includes total population broken down by race (White, Black, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Other, Two or More) and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity.

Uninsured rate and count by state from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates, 2009 onward. Covers all 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico, and the national total. 2020 is missing because the Census Bureau did not release standard ACS 1-year estimates that year due to COVID-19 data collection disruptions. Counts are persons in the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Pulled from the Census Data API: table S2701 (Health Insurance Coverage Status) for 2010 onward and the DP03 data profile for 2009.

Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) provide data on expenditures, income, and demographics of consumers in the United States. Covers spending on food, housing, apparel, transportation, healthcare, entertainment, and other categories. The only federal survey providing a complete picture of household spending patterns. Used to update CPI expenditure weights.

State and national provisional counts for live births, deaths, and infant deaths from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Vital Statistics Rapid Release (VSRR) program. Monthly data by state covering live births, total deaths, and infant deaths. Provisional data subject to revision as additional records are received.